HDMI 2.0b explained: Everything you sneed to know

Cables aren’t sexy technology, but if there’s one cable that gets tech enthusiasts’ attention, its HDMI. While many TV owners may know the technology simply as that weird flat plug that makes the TV plug-and-playable, HDMI is always on the move. The all-in-one digital connection has created a cornucopia of ways to make hardware ready for the expanding AV world around us, allowing for innovations like 4K UHD technology and more. While HDMI is preparing for another leap forward, for the time being, we’re using a half-step forward in the form of HDMI 2.0b.

The best news: as with previous jumps, and unlike the upcoming HDMI 2.1, HDMI 2.0b does not require different cables than what you’re already using.

HDMI 2.0b builds on HDMI 2.0a, which tacked a few features on to the previous HDMI 2.0, including a display technology called High Dynamic Range, which we’ll refer to as HDR from here on out. Designed to vastly improve the contrast between light and dark images for a more realistic picture, HDR has quickly become a must-have in a new TV purchase. In this article, we’ll explain all the wonderful things you can do with your home theater thanks to HDMI 2.0b.

A quick note before we begin: HDMI 2.0b is an extremely minor update on HDMI 2.0a. The two are essentially the same, except that HDMI 2.0b adds support for Hybrid Log Gamma (HLG), a newer HDR technology. Any new gear being released likely ships with HDMI 2.0b, but if you’re wondering about a piece of gear you have that uses HDMI 2.0a, the information here still applies.

The basics

As we’ve written about previously, the primary reason for the switch to HDMI 2.0 was that 4K Ultra HD televisions require much more bandwidth to realize their full potential. Since 4K Ultra HD is four times the resolution of 1080p, the former HD standard, it required more throughput to handle extra data going back and forth. Lots more.

HDMI 1.4 supported 4K resolutions, yes, but only at 24 or 30 frames per second. That works fine for movies, but isn’t useful for gaming and many TV broadcasts, which require 50 or 60 fps. Also HDMI 1.4 limited 4K Ultra HD content to 8-bit color, though it is capable of 10- or 12-bit color. HDMI 2.0 fixed all of that because it could handle up to 18 gigabits per second — plenty enough to allow for 12-bit color and video up to 60 frames per second.

Ultra HD was one thing, but current TVs aim to blow our minds with even higher image realism, by creating more intense whites and blacker blacks — it’s like Tide for your TV, making everything more vivid, and it’s what HDR is all about. TVs from Sony, Panasonic, LG, Samsung, and Vizio all tout one version or another of HDR technology. And thanks to the beauty of HDMI, you don’t need to worry about a thing, since HDMI 2.0b gear is fully compatible with all versions that came before it.

Don’t throw away your HDMI cables

As mentioned above, HDMI 2.0b changes nothing about the size, shape, or wiring of HDMI cables. Should you wind up getting devices that are HDMI 2.0b compliant, your existing cables will work just fine. And since HDMI 2.0b is backward compatible with older HDMI versions, you’ll be able to connect your old Blu-ray player and/or AV receiver to a brand-new HDMI 2.0b-equipped 4K Ultra HD TV with absolutely no problem.

AMD’s Ryzen desktop CPUs for 2019 may double the core count

Bill Roberson/Digital Trends

Although we’re still waiting for AMD to release new low-end second-generation Ryzen processors based on its refreshed 12nm Zen design (aka Zen+), AMD appears to be betting big on 2019. AMD said it would sample Epyc “Rome” chips with its 7nm Zen 2 design in the server market in late 2018, but mainstream processors based on that design won’t appear until next year. If current rumors are correct, those Ryzen 3000 Series chips will sport up to 16 cores.

According to reports stemming from Chinese forums, the new Zen 2 architecture provides 10 to 15 percent improved Instructions Per Cycle, meaning the design can handle more instructions than the previous design. The current Zen+ architecture sees a three percent Instructions Per Cycle increase over the original Zen design introduced in AMD’s first-generation Ryzen processors during 2017.

But the big news here is that AMD already finalized its Zen 2 design to support up to 16 cores in the mainstream market (AM4), up to 32 cores in the high-end enthusiast market (TR4), and up to 64 cores in the server market (SP3). For the mainstream and server markets, that is double the current maximum core count while the maximum Threadripper core count apparently remains unchanged.

The rumors dig a little deeper on a technical level, reporting that AMD actually finalized two Zen 2 designs. Both rely on how AMD groups its processor cores together into what it calls Core Complex, or CCX, that share the same cache. CCX are connected together using AMD’s Infinity Fabric on a single die.

In one Zen 2 design, AMD supposedly uses a CCX with six cores and pairs two CCX together on a single die, providing a maximum core count of 48 in a single processor. In another Zen 2 design, AMD uses a CCX with eight cores, and pairs two CCX together on a single die, providing a maximum core count of 64 in a single processor.

That’s a lot of tech talk, but it shows where AMD is heading with its third-generation Ryzen processors slated for 2019. The good news is that, technically, you won’t need to swap out motherboards to make way for the new chips, as AMD said the current processor seats/sockets will support all Ryzen and Epyc chips at least until 2020.

Of course, the arrival of new processors ushers in new motherboard chipsets that support all the new features in the latest CPUs. Cramming a third-generation Ryzen chip into a first-generation Ryzen motherboard won’t produce all the benefits and improvements introduced in the Zen 2 architecture.

Processors slated for a 2019 arrival will be the Ryzen 3000 “Matisse” Series for desktop (AM4), the Ryzen Threadripper 3000 “Castle Peak” Series for enthusiasts (TR4) and the Epic “Rome” chips for servers (SP3). A slide from AMD shows the company’s Zen 3 design is on track for 2020 although that will likely be toward the end of the year in samples dished out to servers. Mainstream and enthusiast products for 2020 may rely on a refreshed Zen 2 design based on the 7nm+ process node.

Editors’ Recommendations

• AMD leaks Ryzen 2000-series expansion with mobile and Threadripper CPUs
• AMD vs. Intel
• AMD’s next batch of Ryzen desktop CPUs may focus on better power efficiency
• AMD combats upgrade woes with ‘crates’ featuring discounted hardware bundles
• AMD’s ready to do work with Ryzen Pro Mobile, coming to a laptop near you

Turn your Surface Pro into a cheap Surface Studio with Kensington’s dock

Do you want a Surface Studio but don’t want to pay the premium price? Kensington can make your dream come true through a new docking station built for the cheaper Surface Pro. It essentially holds Microsoft’s detachable in an all-in-one-PC-style configuration while expanding the device’s connectivity. Unfortunately, there’s no current release date although it will definitely ship with a $350 price tag.

“The SD7000’s articulating hinge allows the Surface Pro to be comfortably positioned upright as a display or at a perfect drafting table angle,” the company says. “A magnetic connection for Surface Pen keeps it handy and ready for use. With a small desktop footprint and clean lines, the Surface Pro Docking Station is designed to look as good as it functions.”

According to Kensington, the Surface Pro simply slides and locks into place, presumably connecting the docking station to the Surface Connect port located on the right side of Microsoft’s detachable. With this physical connection, Kensington’s dock expands the Surface Pro with an additional headphone jack, one USB-C port, four USB-A ports, an Ethernet port, one DisplayPort connector, and one HDMI port.

That said, your Surface Pro can be transformed into an all-in-one Windows 10 PC supporting two external monitors with resolutions of up to 3,840 x 2,160 (aka 4K) each. That means you can add a keyboard and mouse, an external hard drive, a physical network connection, and so on. You can still use the Surface Pen that’s magnetically stored on the dock’s left grip.

Of course, if you’re worried that someone will swipe your Surface Pro and docking station while you’re out to lunch, Kensington will sell a separate Lock Module for $30 that anchors the dock to your desk. It connects directly to the Kensington lock on the back of the dock, which presumably prevents the locking mechanism holding the Surface Pro in place from letting go of the device.

Again, there’s no current release date for the new $350 dock. Eventually shipped as the SD7000 Dual 4K Surface Pro Docking Station (K62917), it will be on display in Las Vegas during Microsoft Inspire from July 15 to July 19, and also during Microsoft Ready from July 18 to July 20 in Las Vegas as well.

The latest version of Microsoft’s Surface Pro starts at $799. There are seven set configurations spanning from Intel’s m3 processor with 4GB of system memory and 128GB of storage to Intel’s Core i7 processor with 16GB of system memory and 1TB of storage, the latter of which costs $2,399. Meanwhile, the all-in-one Surface Studio starts at $2,999 and can reach up to $4,199 in price.

So while the Surface Pro plus Kensington’s dock is a cheaper alternative, you will miss out on the big 28-inch screen and discrete graphics. Still, Kensington’s new dock is an awesome way to use your Surface Pro in a desktop-like scenario, and a cooler solution than Microsoft’s own $200 Surface Dock.

Editors’ Recommendations

• Surface Go vs. Surface Pro
• Everything we know about Microsoft’s Surface Pro 6
• Microsoft Surface Pro (2017) review
• Microsoft Surface Book 2 15-inch review
• Microsoft Surface Go hands-on review

Uber may soon turn into your personalized mini convenience store

Taking an Uber may soon be an all-inclusive experience. The transportation giant recently partnered with Cargo, the startup that offers in-car shopping experiences to those on the move. With this new globe-spanning collaboration, Cargo will be offering Uber customers products like snacks, beverages, electronics, and even beauty products, all while on the go.

Uber drivers now have the option to register with Cargo and retrieve a box of products at select driver onboarding and support centers, called Uber Greenlight Hubs, in both San Francisco and Los Angeles (we can only assume that more locations will soon be added). They will then be able to sell these goodies to their passengers, and earn commissions, referrals, and performance bonuses through Cargo. Basically, this partnership gives Uber drivers two opportunities to make money at the same time.

In the year since Cargo launched, the company claims that 7,000 participating drivers have earned more than $1 million by distributing more than  1 million products to passengers in major cities like New York, Boston, Minneapolis, Washington, D.C., Atlanta, and Dallas.

“Because of companies like Uber, people spend more passenger time in cars than ever before,” Cargo CEO Jeff Cripe said in a statement. “This opened the door for Cargo to create an unparalleled level of convenience for a generation of people on the move, and our partnership with Uber will play an important role in making that vision reality.”

Cargo will customize the product offerings by the market, as well as the season and time of day in order to provide options that customers might actually benefit from. For example, folks in San Francisco and L.A. will have the option to buy earplugs, fruit and protein bars, mints, face masks, iced tea, and lip balm.

“It’s always a pleasant surprise when you’re in an Uber and the driver offers you a bottle of water or a piece of gum, but up to this point, these perks have usually been on the driver’s dime,” Uber’s Keith Hensley said in a statement. “Cargo took note of this and created an innovative model that aims to bring new value to riders and drivers. We’re looking forward to working with Cargo to develop and scale in a way that makes the most sense for our customers.”

Editors’ Recommendations

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• The best headphones
• Built-in coolers, tents, and kitchenettes make these the best cars for camping

Top 5 features Chrome OS is missing

These are niche, but they’d be appreciated.

Chrome OS already handles the basics of a desktop and laptop operating system down. So much so, that unless you need a specific application that’s only on macOS or Windows, you can happily use a Chromebook as your only device. It’ll be fast, it’ll be secure and it will only get better over time.

But that’s not to say Chrome OS still doesn’t have room to grow. It’s making Linux applications easier to use later this year, Android applications are getting more capabilities, and Progressive Web Applications are going to become more commonplace. But there are a few creature comforts Chrome OS could handle better.

• Customizable scroll speed for external mice
• Proper audio ducking
• Better window snapping
• System wide dark theme
• Persistent media controls for web apps

Customizable scroll speed for external mice

Chrome OS supports any USB or Bluetooth mouse or trackpad, but using the mouses’s scroll wheel may feel… off… compared to Windows or macOS. The scroll speed on some of my mice feels just a bit too fast compared to how I’ve grown accustomed to over the last 20 years of using a computer, and there’s no option in the settings to change this. It sounds trivial, but it’s enough to keep me from using some of my mice with my Chromebook when I’m out and about.

Proper audio muting

This is something Windows and macOS do, too, but that’s no excuse for Google. If you have audio coming from the web browser — say a YouTube video — then you open an Android application to listen to your favorite podcast. You press play on the podcast, and you panic because the sound from the YouTube video is still playing. If you switch between two Android apps, the audio from one will correctly pause, but the same is not true of the web browser. I doubt Google or any operating system builder could reach into a site to pause whatever media is playing back, but muting the browser when another application is playing media would suffice.

Better window snapping

You can snap application windows to the left or right of the display in Chrome OS, but Windows does this slightly better. When you snap an application in Windows, it shows a list of all the other application windows available to be placed on the opposite side of the screen, so you can get your split screen on that much faster. Windows also lets you quickly snap an application by pressing the Windows Key + Left or Right on your keyboard. It’d be great to see Chrome OS include either of these features.

System wide dark theme

You can get a dark theme for your browser, for Gmail and other websites, but it’s piecemeal. Again, I’m not sure there’s much Google could do as an OS builder to make a third party site display in a dark theme, but it’d be great to see one toggle to change the browser, Settings, and any compatible Android applications from the default light theme to darker tones.

Persistent media controls for web apps

Android applications already offer media controls in the notification area, but it’d be great for websites to be able to do the same. I don’t expect every website to be able to do this, but sites that use service workers as part of their Progressive Web App should be able to. It’d go a long way to making PWA’s feel more like “native” apps, and it’d be more convenient for the user to have all of their media controls in one place.

What say you?

What features would you like to see in Chrome OS? Let us know down below!

Chromebooks

• The best Chromebooks
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• Should you buy a Chromebook?
• Chromebook Buyers Guide
• Google Pixelbook review
• Join our Chromebook forums

Instant Pot cookers, smart locks, Chromebooks, and more are all discounted today

Whether you’re looking for new tech gear or household items, we’ve got you covered.

We found plenty of great deals today that include big discounts on an Asus Chromebook, the August smart lock, an Instant Pot pressure cooker, and more! Time’s running out to take advantage of these prices, so hurry!

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TicWatch Pro vs. Apple Watch: Features or polish, because I can’t have both

There are a lot of things here Apple should pay attention to.

I’ve been an active Apple Watch user for 260 days. Not a lot compared to some of the other smartwatch folks around me, but enough for me to know a fair bit about the strengths and weaknesses of the platform through my daily use. I’m largely a fan of the way Apple does things on the Watch, but like most smartwatch owners I find myself never truly happy with display performance in daylight or the battery after a day of constant use. Neither are easy problems to solve, and the watches offering solutions to date have compromises in other areas that make them downright unpleasant to wear.

The folks at Mobvoi got my attention recently with its TicWatch Pro, a watch running Google’s Wear OS promising between five and thirty days of battery life in certain modes and, a special display which works perfectly even in direct sunlight. After a week of using this new watch, I find myself ready to call TicWatch Pro the best Wear OS watch I have ever used. But compared directly to my Apple Watch, the title of best overall is less easily won.

So much more than round vs. square

Any time you compare anything to the Apple Watch, the initial wave of reactions are the same. People on Twitter, in droves, respond to photos of the two watches side by side with a comment about how round displays actually look like watches and are therefore better. I think it’s clear by Apple’s sales record with the Watch so far that not as many people care about round vs. square as these folks might think, but it remains a talking point in the general public. Personally, the physical shape of either watch doesn’t impact me one way or the other. I’ve never really worn traditional watches, and I don’t wear a TicWatch Pro or an Apple Watch to tell me the time. These are tiny computers on my wrist to give me a deeper look into my digital self. From acting as a trusty notification dumpster to a fitness companion, I don’t need these things to look like watches.

Apple’s third generation Watch display is impressive, but the TicWatch Pro display is on an entirely different level functionally.

What I will say is, because the TicWatch Pro is round, it feels noticeably larger on my wrist than the Apple Watch. TicWatch Pro isn’t appreciably thicker or taller, but the design feels roughly the same as it does when I’m wearing a leather cuff watch band on my Apple Watch. Since I wear a cuff-style band frequently, the size of the TicWatch Pro doesn’t feel particularly big. But on those with smaller wrists, or those who prefer the smaller of the two Apple Watches, the difference will be significant.

TicWatch Pro and Apple Watch both have a pair of buttons for use on the side, but only Apple’s watch has a rotating crown. I admit I almost never use the rotating crown on my Apple Watch, but those who take advantage of not needing to rub your finger on the display are going to notice it missing on the TicWatch. The secondary button on the TicWatch Pro is entirely programmable, though, which I really like. I enjoy having a shortcut to Strava on my watch, and the physical button is more convenient for me than adding a Complication to one of the Apple Watch faces.

The main event in comparing these two watches is the display. Apple’s third-generation Watch display is impressive, but the TicWatch Pro display is on an entirely different level functionally. It’s called a “dual layer” display, with one layer being a fairly standard-looking round AMOLED display. That second layer is using Film compensated Super Twisted Nematic (FSTN) LCD tech, and it exists specifically to deliver high-contrast black and white displays at much wider viewing angles than anything else. And wow does it work well. This secondary display is on when the AMOLED display is off, which means when I’m on my bike I can glance down and my wrist and there’s actually information I care about. I don’t have to lift my arm from the handlebars, or from my keyboard while typing, to gain access to the information I want.

When I do lift my wrist to see the full color display, the time it takes for the watch to transition from FSTN LCD to AMOLED is about the same wait time it takes for the Apple Watch to wake up when I lift my wrist. Which is to say it’s not as fast as I would like, but it gets the job done. There’s never a time when the display is unresponsive, and if my wrist is still I can push a button on the bezel or touch the display to wake it as well, but there’s never a time when some amount of information is being displayed on this watch and I’m a fan of that.

The other thing of note regarding the hardware is the method of charging. Both of these watches require you to use a proprietary dock to charge the watch, but by nature of its popularity, the Apple Watch charger is significantly easier to replace when you need to. The charger for the TicWatch Pro is also a pin-based charger instead of the smooth magnetic-seal wireless charger Apple is using. I personally prefer Apple’s charger, but the use of pins instead of a fully wireless set up on the TicWatch is a real shame. Other Wear OS watches with wireless charging have been found to work with a host of third-party chargers, and it would have been nice to see this watch do the same.

Apps, watch faces, gestures, and everything in between

These little wrist computers need to earn that spot on my wrist, and for me, that means delivering information when I want it and leaving me alone the rest of the time. While watchOS and Wear OS both have great notification controls to keep apps from pestering me when I’m busy, and Theater or Do Not Disturb modes when I really don’t want to feel that vibration at my wrist, delivering information is another thing entirely.

Apple doesn’t allow third-party developers to build faces for watchOS. The options you get from Apple are what you have available to you, and nearly all of them can be adjusted by adding Complications with additional information or links to apps you want shortcuts to. This is fine, but it means I’m only ever going to use the Activity Rings face on my Apple Watch. That is the information I care about the most, and this face is the only way to show that information with the detail I like. Wear OS takes a different approach, letting just about anyone make a face for these watches. It means I have access to my body tracking data in many different formats, with a ton of visual flourish. I like having access to so many options, though very few of these third-party faces have any customization options at all which is just limiting in a different way.

Apple’s biggest strength against Google right now with its Watch platform is popularity.

Both Wear OS and watchOS do a great job delivering me notification I can interact with, but only Wear OS makes that interactivity possible with just my wrist. Gesture controls in Wear OS remain one of the biggest strong points the platform has, especially when I’m on my bike. Being able to dismiss a notification with a flick of my wrist, or scroll further into a text message with a simple wrist twist, is tremendously convenient. It means I don’t have to slow down, and don’t have to take my other hand away from its task. This is something Apple really should implement sooner rather than later, especially as the watchOS platform continues to offer features for fitness-focused folks, because it makes a huge difference in how convenient a lot of features actually are.

Apple’s biggest strength against Google right now with its Watch platform is popularity. Developers know watchOS is where the people are, and that’s where the energy for optimizing third-party apps goes. Strava on Wear OS is a prime example. The watchOS counterpart displays an order of magnitude more useful information about my ride while I’m moving, and is generally more stable for things like auto-pausing. The Wear OS app straight up isn’t very good, which is a shame. Wear OS apps, in general, are at least a generation behind watchOS when it comes to things like optimizations for information density and battery performance.

On the subject of battery performance, a few notes about that exciting “5 to 30 day” experience on the TicWatch Pro. Mobvoi includes these numbers on the box with a caveat, it only really applies to when the watch is in one of two low power modes. These special modes turn off the color display and leave you with the always-on LCD, effectively blocking you access to most of the things which make the watch useful. While it is amazing that I can flip the watch into these low power modes and know it will still function for much longer than a day or two, the battery drain when you’re actually using the watch is almost identical to the Apple Watch. I get a little over two full days out of it if I’m not using it for much, but four to five hours on my bike with Strava running will cut the battery down to 50%.

Finally, virtual assistants. To be perfectly honest, the less said about Siri on the Watch the better. I know things are going to be much better in the next generation of watchOS, but Google Assistant is more capable in every possible way on the TicWatch Pro. That’s another one of those things that can be a big deal when you don’t want to reach for your phone because you’re driving and want that hands-free experience. I will say that, in comparing the two side by side, the microphones on the Apple Watch did a noticeably better job translating my speech to text when outdoors.

Which should you buy? It depends

Apple Watch is almost always the best experience for people who live entirely in the Apple ecosystem. It meshes better with its software, and the level of polish in the overall Apple experience can’t be discounted. But if you lean into the Google ecosystem from your iPhone, and a MacBook isn’t your primary computer, and you’re not especially slender in the wrist, the TicWatch Pro is the first general non-Apple watch I’ve been genuinely happy using with my iPhone. The layered display tech is exceptional, the size is just right for my needs, and while the apps aren’t all as functional as I’d like there’s a lot to love about the Wear OS ecosystem.

If you’re not totally sold on an Apple Watch and want something a little different, I don’t think there’s a better place to spend your $250.

See at Amazon

“Hey Russell, what Apple Watch strap is that?” – Check out the $16 Nickwea Apple Watch cuff on Amazon!

MacRumors Giveaway: Win an 18W USB-C Power Adapter From Choetech

For this week’s giveaway, we’ve teamed up with Choetech to offer MacRumors readers a chance to win an 18W USB-C Power Delivery Wall Charger.

This giveaway product is a little simpler than many of our other giveaway options, but we have quite a few to provide to MacRumors readers and these power adapters are an essential component for fast charging with the iPhone X, iPhone 8, and iPhone 8 Plus.

All of Apple’s newest devices support fast charging speeds using an 18W+ USB-C power adapter and a USB-C to Lightning cable, which needs to be purchased directly from Apple for $19.

Apple touts fast charging when the aforementioned USB-C to Lightning cable is paired with a MacBook or MacBook Pro adapter, but prices on those start at $49 (for the 30W version), making fast charging prohibitively expensive. At $15 (or even lower, check out the discount below), Choetech’s solution is more affordable.

Earlier this year, MacRumors did extensive testing on various iPhone charging methods and confirmed that an 18W charger such as this one provides just as much charging power as the official MacBook power adapters.

In fact, this Choetech charger is the exact charger that was used in our testing, and paired with an Apple USB-C to Lightning cable, it charged an iPhone X from 1 percent to 49 percent in 30 minutes, and from 49 percent to 79 percent in another 30 minutes.

Apple’s fast charging specification is designed to provide a 50 percent charge in just a half hour, which is successfully achievable with Choetech’s 18W power adapter.

This power adapter isn’t much to look at with its plain black design and rather prominent logo, but it gets the job done. If you have a Nintendo Switch or a compatible Android smartphone, it also charges those devices at full speeds.

We have 35 of Choetech’s 18W power adapters to give away, and Choetech is also providing a significant discount for MacRumors readers. Enter code MACRPD18 at checkout when purchasing from Amazon to drop the price from $15 to $10. This deal will be available until the end of the month.

To enter to win the giveaway, use the Rafflecopter widget below and enter an email address. Email addresses will be used solely for contact purposes to reach the winners and send the prizes. You can earn additional entries by subscribing to our weekly newsletter, subscribing to our YouTube channel, following us on Twitter, or visiting the MacRumors Facebook page.

Due to the complexities of international laws regarding giveaways, only U.S. residents who are 18 years or older and Canadian residents (excluding Quebec) who have reached the age of majority in their province or territory are eligible to enter. To offer feedback or get more information on the giveaway restrictions, please refer to our Site Feedback section, as that is where discussion of the rules will be redirected.

a Rafflecopter giveaway
The contest will run from today (July 20) at 11:00 a.m. Pacific Time through 11:00 a.m. Pacific Time on July 27. The winners will be chosen randomly on July 27 and will be contacted by email. The winners will have 48 hours to respond and provide a shipping address before new winners are chosen.

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How to Close Apps on iPhone X in iOS 12

When Apple launched the iPhone X, a whole new set of gestures were introduced, changing the way that we were used to interacting with our iPhones.

One of these changes involved the App Switcher and the way apps are closed, with Apple introducing a gesture that was much more cumbersome than the simple swipe up to close option that was available on devices with a Home button.

To close an app in iOS 11 on iPhone X, you need to open up the App Switcher, press a finger on an app until the red “-” appears in the corner, and then tap that – to close it.

In iOS 12, the process has been simplified, and it’s once again a swipe gesture. Here’s how to do it:

At the Home screen of the iPhone X, or while in an app, swipe up and hold from the bottom of the display.
When the App Switcher comes up swipe through the different app cards to find the app that you want to close.
Use a quick swipe upwards to close the app.Using this gesture exits out of an app and effectively closes it, which is useful if you need to restart an app for some reason. There’s never any need to close your apps to improve performance, though, as Apple has built-in management systems for dealing with all of the apps that you have open on your device.

Apps that are not active are in a suspended state and are not using up system resources.

Force quitting an app will not improve your battery life, and it’s possible that doing so can actually drain battery because it causes the iPhone to load it all over again.

Related Roundup: iOS 12
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All of the Changes to Notifications in iOS 12

In iOS 12, Apple has introduced new notification features, providing an expanded set of tools for monitoring and managing notifications in quicker and more intuitive ways.

There have been no changes to the way that Notifications work on the whole, but many of these features make it easier to clear notifications, determine which notifications you want, and make adjustments on the fly.

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Grouped Notifications

iPhone and iPad owners have been asking for the return of grouped notifications for years, and in iOS 12, Apple delivered.

Multiple notifications from the same app will be grouped together on the Lock screen of the iPhone, cutting down on clutter. You can tap a set of notifications from a particular app to expand them to see all of the notifications in the list.

You can tap on the “X” next to a notification group to clear all of those notifications at one time, or do the same thing with a swipe to the left.

In the Settings app, you can change the behavior of grouped notifications. Go to Settings > Notifications and tap on any app to see the “Notification Grouping” preferences. Tap that to choose “Automatic,” “By App,” or “Off” if you’d rather see all of the incoming notifications for a particular app like Messages.

Automatic sorts by app for the most part, but with this setting enabled, you might get two notification groups if you have email threads going with two different people in the Mail app, or multiple conversations in Messages, for example. Or different incoming Messages conversations.

By App will make sure all notifications from an app are in one stack, without the sorting that Automatic mode uses.

Instant Tuning

Instant Tuning is a feature that lets you manage a pesky notification right on the Lock screen, giving you the tools to turn notifications for that app off entirely or send notifications right to the Notification Center.

On any notification that’s on the Lock screen or in the Notification Center when you swipe down, swipe left on a notification to see settings that include “Manage,” “View,” and “Clear All.”

Select “Manage” from this list to see Instant Tuning options. Notifications set to “Deliver Quietly” will be visible in Notification Center, but you won’t see them on the Lock screen, there will be no banner, and there won’t be a badge.

To reverse this, tap on a notification from the muted app again, follow the same instructions, and choose “Deliver Prominently.” Notification settings can also be changed in the Settings app, also accessible from the Instant Tuning popup. Turn Off, as the name suggests, turns off notifications for that app entirely.

You can also get to your Instant Tuning settings by 3D Touching or long pressing on any notification and selecting the three ellipses. For more details on using Instant Tuning, make sure to check out our detailed how to.

Note: In iOS 12, Apple will send you alerts asking you if you would like to continue receiving notifications from a particular app if you’ve been getting a lot of notifications and haven’t been interacting with them. When this happens, the alert will feature a “Manage” section so you can access your Instant Tuning settings for that particular app.

Critical Alerts

Critical Alerts are a new type of opt-in notification in iOS 12 that can ignore your Do Not Disturb settings to send important must-see notifications.

These alerts are limited in scope and are available for medical and health related information, home security, and public safety. For example, a person who is diabetic might want to set critical alerts for a glucose monitor when blood sugar is low, so the notification will be delivered even if Do Not Disturb is turned on.

Critical alerts bypass Do Not Disturb and the ringer switch, and will always play a sound. They are meant to be disruptive and for that reason, are going to be highly limited to apps that need these kinds of immediate alerts.

Developers with apps appropriate for critical alerts will need to apply for an entitlement that needs to be approved by Apple. Users will be able to turn off critical alerts on a per app basis separately from other notifications.

Notification Count in Screen Time

Screen Time, Apple’s new feature designed to provide you with the tools to monitor when and how you’re using your iOS devices, keeps track of all of the notifications that apps are sending you, letting you know which apps are the noisiest.

This information can help you decide if you want to keep notifications turned on for a particular app, or if you might want to mute an app to cut down on interruptions.

You can get to this section of Screen Time by opening the Settings app, choosing Screen Time, selecting “All Devices,” and then scrolling down to the bottom. You can see your notifications from the last 24 hours or the last 7 days.

For more on using Screen Time, make sure to check out our Screen Time how to and our how to on App Limits and Downtime.

Richer Notifications

In iOS 12, app developers can build notifications that are able to accept user input, so you can interact with notifications in new ways, doing more on the Lock screen without having to open up your iPhone.

With Instagram, as an example, if the app sends you a notification that a friend posted, you might be able to view the photo and then add a like all from the notification.

In this example, you can tap the heart to like the photo, something that wasn’t possible in iOS 11.
Rich notifications were available in earlier versions of iOS, but Apple has removed the limits that previously restricted interactive touches.

What do you think of the changes to notifications in iOS 12? Are there other notification features you’re hoping for in the future? Let us know in the comments.

Related Roundup: iOS 12
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