What is RCS messaging? Here’s everything you need to know about SMS’ successor

Let’s face it: Text messages are an anachronistic pain in the rear. They don’t support read receipts, group messaging features, or the animated stickers your pals share on apps like Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, and WeChat. They depend on a cellular connection — if you’re roaming or you don’t have a signal, you can’t send or receive messages — and they’re annoyingly limited to 160 characters in length. Despite all those limitations, and predictions of its demise, text messaging, also known as SMS (Short Message Service), remains incredibly popular.

At the end of 2010, an estimated 3.5 billion smartphone users (or roughly 80 percent of cell subscribers) regularly sent text messages, which is partly why companies like Google, Samsung, and Sprint aren’t trying to fight it. Instead, they’re teaming up with the cellphone industry’s governing bodies to develop a modern take on texting — Rich Communication Services (RCS), which combines the best of Facebook Messenger, iMessage, and WhatsApp into one platform. So what is RCS messaging, and how does it work? Here’s everything you need to know.

Text messaging: A brief history

kantver/123RF

The invention of text messaging predates the iPhone, BlackBerry, and the Palm Pilot. SMS was first proposed in 1982 for the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), a second-generation cell standard devised by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).

The idea, at least initially, was to transmit texts via the signaling systems that controlled telephone traffic. ETSI engineers developed a framework that was both small enough to fit into the existing signaling paths (128 bytes, later improved to 160 seven-bit characters) and modular enough to support carrier management features like real-time billing, message rerouting (i.e. routing messages to a recipient other than the one specified by the user), and message blocking.

After nearly a decade of tinkering, SMS deployed commercially in December 1992 — a milestone that Neil Papworth, an engineer, marked by texting “Merry Christmas” to Vodafone customer Richard Jarvis. In the years that followed, handset manufacturers including Nokia and carriers like Fleet Call (now Nextel) and BT Cellnet (now O2 UK) climbed aboard the messaging bandwagon, spurring adoption. And by 2010, nearly 20 years after the first text message, cell subscribers exchanged 6.1 trillion messages.

Despite the explosive growth of SMS, it didn’t evolve all that much from the systems of the early ’90s. Even as phone form factors changed and Apple’s iPhone popularized the modern-day touchscreen smartphone, SMS remained the same — right down to the 160 character limit imposed at its inception. RCS promises to change all that.

RCS basics

Rich Communication Services, sometimes marketed as Advanced Communications, Joyn, and Message+, is a protocol intended to succeed SMS. Formed by a group of industry promoters in 2007 and brought under the wings of the GSM Association in 2008, it envisions a platform that’s significantly more rich and capable than today’s SMS.

“We like to call it the next evolution of SMS,” Andy Shirey, senior product manager at Open Market, told Digital Trends. “It’s richer messaging content with features like read receipts that are great to have.”

RCS has nearly limitless potential, but the Universal Profile, a global RCS spec published by the GSMA in 2016, lays out a few of the possibilities. RCS users can share their location with each other, or attach high-resolution pictures, videos and audio to messages. They can create and archive group chats, or remove members from group chats. They can even enable Facebook Messenger-like read receipts and typing indicators that show exactly when someone has read a message.

But that’s the tip of the iceberg. The RCS standard also supports Skype-like internet video calls and audio messages, and private chats between two parties. RCS implements client-to-server encryption, and uses a data connection instead of carriers’ signaling systems so that messages can be sent or received via Wi-Fi instead of cellular. It’s hardware agnostic, too — unlike Apple’s iMessage, RCS is designed to work across all phones and software.

Here’s the pitch: When RCS is widely adopted, you’ll be able to enjoy all the features of WhatsApp, Line, Facebook Messenger, iMessage, and WeChat without having to create an account, sign into a social network, or worry about whether or not someone in your group chat has the right app or phone.

But not everyone has been swift on the uptake.

Promises, promises

Despite the advantages RCS affords over SMS, cell service providers haven’t embraced it.

As of 2017, just shy of 49 operators have launched RCS, including KT and SK Telecom in South Korea and Vodafone and Deutsche Telekom in Europe. The list of hardware manufacturers is a bit more promising — Alcatel, Asus, HTC, LG, Lenovo, Samsung, and ZTE have pledged to support RCS in their devices, among others — but so far, Google and Microsoft are the only two software providers to support the Universal Profile.

Here’s a full list of manufacturers that load messaging apps compatible with RCS:

• LG
• Motorola
• Sony
• HTC
• Google (HTC-manufactured Pixel)
• Android One (Google program, multiple manufacturers)
• ZTE
• Micromax
• HMD Global (makers of Nokia-brand phones)
• Archos
• BQ
• Cherry Mobile
• Condor
• Fly
• General Mobile
• Lanix
• LeEco
• Lava
• Kyocera
• MyPhone
• QMobile
• Symphony
• Wiko

T-Mobile and Sprint, two of the most ardent supporters of RCS in the U.S., implemented the spec as early as 2013. But historically, taking advantage of it was easier said than done — Sprint’s version of RCS was initially only available through its Messaging Plus app on the Pixel XL, Nexus 6P, and select LG and Nexus devices. For years on T-Mobile, the only phones that supported the carrier’s pre-Universal Profile RCS were the Samsung Galaxy Prime, Galaxy S5, and Galaxy S6.

That’s mostly because when the RCS spec was first proposed in 2007, implementing it required quite a bit of effort on the part of OEMs. RCS isn’t just a network spec — phones and messaging apps have to support it on the software level, meaning old devices have to be updated retroactively.

Then there’s the fact that carriers aren’t bound to a single flavor of RCS, and that different implementations of RCS aren’t necessarily compatible with one another. AT&T in the U.S., for example, implemented an older RCS standard that doesn’t work with T-Mobile or Verizon’s version.

That’s opposed to SMS, which works reliably pretty much everywhere. But Google, the search giant behind Android, thinks it has the solution.

Google and Jibe, RCS pioneers

Google sees RCS as the open, cross-platform answer to proprietary services like iMessage, which only works on Apple’s phones, tablets, and computers.

In 2015, the company acquired Jibe, a messaging service which developed an RCS Android client based on the Universal Profile. Shortly after, it launched the Jibe Hub, a cloud-hosted platform that connects cellphone carriers’ networks to the global RCS backbone.

The result is an end-to-end software platform that supports legacy systems like SMS and MMS, third-party RCS networks, and RCS-compliant clients on any smartphone or network operator. Google says new features can be patched in server-side, on the cloud, and that future Android smartphones will ship with support built in.

Here’s a list of carriers that support RCS with Google’s Jibe:

• Orange
• Deutsche Telekom
• Globe
• Sprint
• Rogers
• Telenor

A few of Jibe’s features have an enterprise angle. Jibe’s Early Access Program, which launched earlier this year, provides a framework for companies to learn and build with Jibe, so that their texts can offer richer information to customers as more carriers adopt the RCS profile.

Already, Virgin Trains, Walgreens, BlaBlaCar, Gamestop, G2A.com, IHG, LexisNexis Risk Solutions, Papa Murphy’s, Philips, Sky, Sonic Drive-In, Time Inc., 3C, CLX Communications, Experian Marketing Services, MessageBird, mGage, Mobivity, Movile, Vonage through Nexmo API Platform, OpenMarket, and Waterfall have agreed to take part in Jibe’s early experiment.

“A message from your airline reminding you to check in for a flight can now take advantage of rich media and interactivity to provide a full check-in experience, complete with boarding pass, visual flight updates, and terminal maps on demand, all directly within the messaging experience,” Amir Sarhangi, head of RCS at Google, said in March. “Businesses can also have a branded messaging experience with information about the business and the ability to share content like images, video clips, and GIFs.”

Google has laid the groundwork for RCS on the smartphone side of the equation, too. In February 2017, it rebranded Messenger, the default texting app on some Android devices, to Android Messages, and teamed up with a range of Android smartphone makers, including LG, Motorola, Sony, HTC, and ZTE, to make Android Messages the default messaging app on their smartphones.

Google’s efforts have paid dividends. In November 2016, Sprint rolled out RCS support for Android via Android Messages, becoming the first carrier to install it as a default app on future handsets sold in its retail operations. Google also recruited Telenor, a carrier with more than 214 million subscribers in Asia and Europe, to deploy Universal Profile-based RCS in early 2017.

All that said, there’s a lot of work left to be done.

The future of RCS

In the U.S., T-Mobile and AT&T have implemented versions of RCS that only work on their respective networks; they don’t conform to the Universal Profile. Sprint’s does, but it isn’t available on all devices.

“A big question mark is whether carriers will move at a reasonable speed to create interoperability,” Shirey said. “We haven’t seen much activity here.”

That’s partly because the Universal Profile remains a work in progress. The first version — Release 1 — came out in November of last year, but only included RCS’s core framework. Release 2, which is expected to launch in the second half of 2017, will add features like plugin integration and app security. “Without [Release 2], RCS messages look a lot like [SMS] messages,” Shirey said. “It enables things like action buttons and other interactive elements, which are crucial if you’re hoping to make the experience like Facebook Messenger or iMessage.”

The final version of RCS isn’t expected until late 2017. But there’s reluctance on the part of some carriers to adopt RCS, Shirey said.

“Even though RCS would appear to be a good fit for cell providers, it’s a big variable,” he said. “Companies like Google are making a push and drawing more attention to it, but a lot of carriers are wary of partnering with a third party. RCS is a new revenue opportunity for carriers, and the truth is that if they don’t do something, apps like WeChat, Facebook Messenger, and Line will get deeper and deeper entrenched.”

The other elephant in the room: Apple. The Cupertino company hasn’t shown a willingness to partner on RCS anytime soon. Text messaging that’s akin to iMessage is a fantastic idea, but if tens of millions of iPhone users can’t join RCS chats, participate in RCS video chats, or see RCS attachments, said Shirey, a large part of the appeal is lost.

“RCS has to be in a place to get reasonable volumes of users,” Shirey said. “The experience has to be seamless.”

Best iOS app deals of the day! 6 paid iPhone apps for free for a limited time

Everyone likes apps, but sometimes the best ones are a bit expensive. Now and then, developers put paid apps on sale for free for a limited time, but you have to snatch them up while you have the chance. Here are the latest and greatest iOS app deals available from the iOS App Store.

These apps normally cost money and this sale lasts for a limited time only. If you go to the App Store and it says the app costs money, that means the deal has expired and you will be charged. 

Chumpu Sticker

These stickers have been originally hand-sketched and then digitized, which means they are as unique as it gets. Bring your texts to life with this app.

Available on:

iOS

English Ace

EnglishAce allows you to browse Princeton WordNet dictionaries without a network connection. Even if you’re offline, your vocabulary can be on point.

Available on:

iOS

Password Safe

If you’ve got important data on your phone, protect it using this app. It employs AES-256 encryption to automatically encrypt all your data with a master password that only you know. Data is only stored locally.

Available on:

iOS

PixelWakker

Pixelwakker is one of the most creative photo effects apps available on the iPhone. Inspired by great art from impressionist pointillism to contemporary masters, PixelWakker breaks down your pixels into art.

Available on:

iOS

My Personal Trainer

Get tips and tricks for keeping your life well-balanced when it comes to cardio and strength training exercises. You can also use this app to create goals and plans for meditation, self-esteem, and more.

Available on:

iOS

GRIDy

Use this app to quickly and easily keep track of all your photos. Create various categories and organize all your shots so that you never have to scroll endlessly through your camera roll again.

Available on:

iOS

A few Amazon customers are reportedly receiving fake Ryzen CPUs

Why it matters to you

If you’re planning on buying a Ryzen CPU from Amazon, you may want to check if it is the real deal.

It’s difficult to think of an online retailer that is more trustworthy than Amazon. However, reports are circulating that customers who recently purchased Ryzen CPUs from the site have received fake components, prompting questions about how these items entered the supply chain.

Earlier this month, Reddit user Sh00ter999 posted an image gallery to the site detailing his experience with a fake Ryzen CPU. While the exterior packaging of the component initially looked legitimate, opening up the box and looking at the processor itself revealed that something was amiss.

Whereas real Ryzen CPUs have the products name embossed into the surface of the component, Sh00ter999 found that his part simply had a sticker attached to its exterior. Removing this sticker revealed what had really been delivered — an Intel Celeron processor with 2.9 GHz.

The issues with Sh00ter999’s order did not stop there. In addition to the processor itself not being what it seemed, the accompanying Wraith Spire LED cooler was by no means in the sort of condition you would expect a new component to be in. It was dented, dirty, and clearly not the actual cooler that AMD bundles with its Ryzen CPUs.

It’s not entirely clear how this phony Ryzen CPU happened to be sent to an Amazon customer. When asked by a fellow Reddit user, Sh00ter999 confirmed that he bought the part directly from the site, rather than from a third-party seller. The going theory is that someone else purchased the product, swapped out the processor and the cooler, then returned it for a refund while keeping the legitimate parts.

While the processor didn’t hold up to close scrutiny, the AMD seal on the box was apparently a pretty convincing fake. Adding weight to this theory is the fact that the plastic packaging around the CPU itself seemed to have been sealed with a cigarette lighter, rather than professional equipment.

There is a happy ending to this story — Sh00ter999 got in touch with Amazon’s perennially helpful customer service department and was shipped a replacement processor overnight. This seems to be an isolated incident, but more than one customer has reported the scam, according to PC Gamer.

MIUI 9 is launching on July 26 alongside dual camera-toting Mi 5X

Xiaomi will unveil the next version of MIUI on July 26.

Xiaomi launched the Mi Max 2 in India earlier today, and the company has announced that it will unveil the next version of its ROM, MIUI 9, in China on July 26. Earlier reports suggested an August 16 unveil, but Xiaomi has confirmed on Twitter that the ROM will be showcased next week.

MIUI 8 introduced a slew of new features as well as a much-needed design refresh, so it will be interesting to see what MIUI 9 brings to the table. Xiaomi announced earlier this month that it will roll out the Nougat update to 14 devices in its portfolio, and it’s possible all of the devices on that list will pick up the MIUI 9 update as well.

Xiaomi will also launch the Mi 5X at the event, with the device set to sport dual cameras at the back, much like the Mi 6. Unlike the Mi 6, the Mi 5X will likely be offered in the budget segment, offering a 5.5-inch Full HD display, Snapdragon 625, and 4GB of RAM. We should know more about the device next week, so stay tuned.

Android is an open road, not a dead end

Android is what you see and touch, not the tech behind it.

A recent article at OSNews called “Android is a dead end” brings up some good points to think about. While I think the conclusion is wrong, it does touch some important changes that are likely going to happen with Android. At least the phone OS version of Android. You should take a moment and read through it, if for nothing else than a different perspective.

A lot of different things get called Android. The reality is that Android is a front end that interfaces with us and can talk to whatever software or hardware it needs to so that magic can happen. Technically, it’s a giant set of application frameworks and a way to turn code written for “Android” into an app, then run it. It can do this with the free operating system Google delivers designed to run Android, it can do it on Windows, it can do it in Chrome, it can do it on a Mac, or even BlackBerry 10. It’s not quite portable, but hard work can make it so.

This is where I think anyone who thinks Android is at a dead end is confused. It certainly seems like Google is working on something to replace a lot of the software that runs on your phone with future versions, but that’s not the Android part. From the article:

Android in its current form suffers from several key architectural problems – it’s not nearly as resource-efficient as, say, iOS, has consistent update problems, and despite hefty hardware, still suffers from the occasional performance problems, among other things – that Google clearly hasn’t been able to solve. It feels like Android is in limbo, waiting for something, as if Google is working on something else that will eventually succeed Android.

These are unpopular truths, especially in the Android fanbase. While building Android to run on almost any hardware is a strength, it also means these architectural “problems” will be undesired side-effects. It means the software isn’t as efficient because it’s designed to do things more than one way and it’s never running as native software. Native software is more efficient, runs faster and uses less power, but it only runs on the hardware it was written for. Sometimes these problems mean nothing to us as end users, other times they interfere. They’re not bad enough to matter to most people who use the front-end and interface that is Android.

And all signs point to Google working on something else to succeed what we have now. And it will run Android.

I want to think of Android O as like Apple OS 9 or Windows NT4. It’s as far as the current software can go. All the tweaking has been done, performance and compatibility issues are addressed as much as they can be, and to take the software to the next level a lot needs changing. And like Windows 2000, Android can be exactly the same to the end user as the previous version was. Or like OS X, it can be a bigger change to how we do the same things, but still be able to do them all.

What the article at OSNews alludes to, and we’ve talked about here, is Fuchsia. It’s a completely new operating system built from the ground up by some people who are really good at building operating systems. And it will have Android as the familiar user-facing software that we already know. It will also have Chrome as the familiar face we all know. And maybe even something new and different.

Google definitely is trying to succeed Android with something better, but at its core it will still be Android.

I don’t think this shows Android is at a dead end. Not even a little bit. If anything, it will breathe new life into the entire ecosystem. Not all change is a bad change. And some changes can be very good. From the article, again:

In a few years, Google’s Pixel phone will have a fully custom, Google-designed SoC, and run an operating system that is Android in brand name only.

Hopefully, this is true. And I’m more hopeful that the software will be written in a way that Samsung can do the same, and Huawei, and anyone else who wants to custom fab a SoC. Android in brand name only is Android. The underlying operating system doesn’t give the user any experience, and a cheap Wi-Fi router that runs Android or a Kindle Tablet or a microwave oven is not giving you the Android experience the way your phone is. This part of Android is just a generic software. A commodity. It’s valuable, but can be replaced by something better if something better comes along.

Android in a Fuchsia future may not look like Android today. Or it might. The important thing is that it can, and can be a better experience for all of us who use it without any worry about the technology that drives it.

Android O

• Everything new in Android O
• Should you put Android O on your phone?
• How to get the Android O Beta on your Pixel or Nexus
• Join the Discussion

Latest Nokia 8 leak details upcoming flagship in silver

Nokia 8 is expected to make its debut at the end of July.

We got a first look at HMD Global’s upcoming Nokia 8 flagship courtesy of Evan Blass‏, and the noted leakster has detailed the silver color variant of the phone in a new leak. Aside from the silver hue, there aren’t any differences from the blue Nokia 8 that was leaked yesterday.

The Nokia 8 will be the first flagship device from HMD Global, and the phone is expected to offer top-notch internals along with a near-stock version of Android 7.1.1 Nougat. The rumored specs hint at a 5.3-inch QHD display, Snapdragon 835, at least 4GB of RAM, and dual 13MP cameras at the back.

The phone is likely to make its debut sometime in late July for the equivalent of $600, with HMD Global once again turning to Carl Zeiss optics to deliver the “ultimate imaging experience possible on a smartphone.”

This $27 Bluetooth speaker has a crazy long 24-hour battery life

Our friends at Thrifter are back again, this time with an exclusive discount on a powerful Bluetooth speaker.

Amazon currently has a pretty great discount on the extremely popular Anker SoundCore Bluetooth speaker. With this deal, the black version speaker drops down to $26.99 when using the coupon code THRIFT77 at checkout, from a usual street price around $36. For direct price drops, though, this price matches what we saw during a recent one-day Gold Box sale, and Black Friday 2016.

The SoundCore has a 24-hour battery life, which means you can take it on any outdoor excursion without worrying about it fading for quite some time. It has a built-in mic so you can use Bluetooth for hands-free phone calls. It also comes with an 18-month warranty from Anker.

See at Amazon

For more great deals be sure to check out our friends at Thrifter now!

How to manage the YouTube app for Android

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How do I upload to YouTube on Android?

Watching videos and subscribing to channels is what YouTube’s all about, but there’s so much more you can do, like uploading your own videos, messaging other YouTubers, and all those settings that’ll help make your experience more enjoyable and help keep your data usage to a minimum.

Here’s how to manage YouTube so that it works for you.

• How to change upload network preferences
• How to limit mobile data usage
• How to manage notifications
• How to disable Autoplay
• How to enable/disable Restricted Mode
• How to change content location

How to change upload network preferences

You can set whether or not you want to upload videos when not connected to Wi-Fi. If you don’t want to eat up too much data, you’ll want to upload only when connected to Wi-Fi.

Launch YouTube from your home screen or the app drawer.
Tap your avatar in the top right corner of the screen.

Tap Settings.

Tap General.
Tap Uploads.

Tap either Only when on Wi-Fi or On any network.

How to limit mobile data usage

Launch YouTube from your home screen or the app drawer.
Tap your avatar in the top right corner of the screen.

Tap Settings.

Tap General.

Tap the switch next to Limit mobile data usage. When enabled, you’ll only be able to stream in HD when connected to Wi-Fi.

How to manage notifications

Launch YouTube from your home screen or the app drawer.
Tap your avatar in the top right corner of the screen.
Tap Settings. Don’t tap Notifications here as it just takes you to your current notifications.

Tap Notifications.

Tap the switch next to each notifications setting you’d like to disable.
Tap Subscriptions: Notify me via.

Tap Push and email, Push only, or Email only.

How to disable Autoplay

Do you find it ridiculously annoying when you’ve played a video and the next suggested video starts immediately after? You can turn that off.

Launch YouTube from your home screen or the app drawer.
Tap your avatar in the top right corner of the screen.

Tap Settings.

Tap General.

Tap the switch next to Autoplay.

How to enable/disable Restricted Mode

Restricted Mode is a way to filter content that may be deemed inappropriate for children. It can get a little annoying, though, if you enjoy reading the comments, since it hides those by default (because YouTube comments).

Launch YouTube from your home screen or the app drawer.
Tap your avatar in the top right corner of the screen.

Tap Settings.

Tap General.

Tap the switch next to Restricted Mode to enable/disable it.

How to change content location

You won’t be able to view region-locked content, since that has more to do with your Google account and other factors, but you can change what videos might be suggested for you, as well as what ads you see.

Launch YouTube from your home screen or the app drawer.
Tap your avatar in the top right corner of the screen.

Tap Settings.

Tap General.
Tap Content location.

Tap a region.

Questions?

Let us know in the comments below!

Google Glass is back, and it’s headed to the enterprise

Alphabet has been working on Google Glass Enterprise Edition for over two years.

Google Glass failed to pick up momentum as a consumer product, but the wearable is getting a new lease on life in the enterprise segment. Alphabet X, which oversees the development of Glass, has announced that after two years in a limited trial program, the Google Glass Enterprise Edition is being rolled out to more businesses.

Glass Enterprise Edition first broke cover back in 2015 in an FCC leak, and the new version has several upgrades over the consumer variant. Alphabet made several improvements to the design and internal hardware, introducing a lightweight model that’s more comfortable to wear for a prolonged duration.

Alphabet worked with over “30 expert partners” to tweak the overall design of Glass, with the likes of AGCO, GE, Boeing, DHL, and Volkswagen using the wearable. Glass Enterprise Edition also features a larger display, bigger battery, a faster Atom processor, and a higher-resolution 8MP camera. The hardware itself is detachable, allowing workers to reattach Glass to safety goggles.

Using Glass Enterprise Edition led to a 25% decrease in machinery production time for agricultural equipment manufacturer AGCO:

Workers at AGCO, an agricultural machinery manufacturer in Jackson, Minnesota, are using Glass Enterprise Edition. By reducing the amount of back and forth workers have to do accessing checklists, viewing instruction manuals or sending photos from tablets or laptops as they assemble machines, Glass has reduced machinery production time by 25 percent and inspection times by 30 percent.

Alphabet noted that DHL was able to increase its supply chain efficiency by 15% after turning to Glass, with the wearable also allowing doctors at Dignity Health to double their interaction time with patients. Alphabet is making Glass Enterprise Edition available to more businesses through its partners, and while it’s great to see the wearable find its groove in the enterprise, it’s unlikely we’ll see a consumer-facing variant anytime soon.

See at Alphabet

Google Home and Google Wifi are coming to Australia on July 20

Google Home and Google Wifi are heading to the land Down Under later this week.

After making their debut in the UK, Canada, and France in recent months, Google Home and Google Wifi are heading to Australia next. Both devices will be available in the country starting July 20.

You’ll be able to get a daily news briefing from Fox Sports, ABC NEWS, The Australian, Huffington Post, TechCrunch and Sky News. You can also control your connected Hue lights, play music, listen to podcasts, stream videos from YouTube, Stan, and Netflix to a Chromecast device on your home network, and much more. Google Wifi, meanwhile, offers an easy way to set up a mesh router network throughout your house.

Google Assistant has been localized to understand Aussie accents, and it also has a few Easter eggs — you can ask it for brekkie suggestions, a list of nearby servos, or what a Kookaburra sounds like.

The Google Home will be available for AUD199 ($157) from The Google Store, JB Hi-Fi, Harvey Norman, Officeworks, The Good Guys, Telstra, Optus and Qantas Store. Google Wifi will also retail for AUD199 ($157) for a single unit, with a three-pack retailing for AUD499 ($395). The mesh router will be available from The Google Store, JB Hi-Fi, Harvey Norman, The Good Guys, and Officeworks.