Study shows some 3D printing fumes can be harmful

If you do a lot of 3D printing and are worried about the fumes, you may want to read a new study from US and French researchers. It measured the amount of particles emitted by five 3D printers using nine different filament materials. The new research builds on two previous studies, but the team tested more printers and plastics, and measured more kinds of potentially hazardous fumes. As you might suspect, they discovered that you should be 3D printing in a well-ventilated room or use an enclosed printer with a vent, particularly while printing with ABS, nylon and similar materials.

Those plastics tends to emit styrene, a possible carcinogen, at levels much higher than recommended by California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). As a result, the team advised that “caution should be used when operating many printer and filament combinations in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces or without the aid of gas and particle filtration systems.”

PLA users don’t have much to worry about, however. Printing with that plastic tends to produce a substance called lactide, which is considered to be non-toxic. The printer itself doesn’t matter much, as the researchers saw little difference in fume levels from model to model. Given that, they recommended that manufacturers focus on designing new types of low-emission, PLA-like filament materials, or design printers with built-in gas and particle filtration. They plan to carry out more detailed, real-world studies in the future.

Via: Hackaday

Source: Environmental Science & Technology

UK to test self-driving cars on 41 mile ‘connected corridor’

The UK government has dipped into the public purse once again to help finance a handful of autonomous car projects. One of the more interesting proposals is a 41 mile “connected corridor” that will test a number of self-driving car technologies. Specifically, engineers want to look at different connection types — LTE, local WiFi hotspots, LTE-V and DSRC — that could be built into cars and roadside infrastructure such as traffic lights and overhead gantries. The idea is to continuously feed information between traffic agencies, drivers and autonomous vehicles, so that they can all take the safest and smartest course of action on the road. So if a lane is closed or a truck breaks suddenly, everyone is alerted and knows how to react.

The project has a range of contributors, including Jaguar Land Rover, Huawei and Vodafone. The consortium also includes Coventry City Council, Coventry University and the University of Warwick, which makes sense given this is where the “living laboratory” will be based.

Jaguar Land Rover says the experiments, if successful, should make travelling safer and smoother for passengers. When a car wants to change lanes or exit the motorway, for instance, it’ll be safer if every vehicle knows their intended route in advance. Similarly, “platooning” can maintain equal spacing between cars, ensuring safety and maximum fuel efficiency. When an accident occurs up ahead, that information could also be communicated to every vehicleIt’ll test information-sharing between autonomous cars and regular drivers. on the road, including those controlled by human drivers using a mixture of visual and audio-based alerts.

Dr Wolfgang Epple, director of research and technology at Jaguar Land Rover said:

“The approach of an emergency vehicle can often be stressful for drivers. If we can inform the driver, or the autonomous car, much earlier that an emergency vehicle is approaching, we can ensure that the best decisions are made to move the vehicle out of the way safely and conveniently, to let the emergency vehicle pass by.”

Like most of the UK’s autonomous car projects, this will be an early look at how the technology can be rolled out safely. If and when the government decides to properly legislate self-driving vehicles, it’ll be case studies like this one that inform its decisions and the sort of systems that manufacturers need to adopt. An important foundation, not just for road safety but reassuring the public that it’s ready for prime time.

Source: Jaguar Land Rover

Aiding Syrian refugees, one iris scan at a time

Over six million people are thought to have been displaced by the Syrian civil war, leading to a human crisis on a scale not seen in decades. While countries around the world have offered aid and asylum — some more than others — to refugees, it’s Syria’s neighbors that house the vast majority. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has registered almost 4.6 million Syrians fleeing conflict, of which 4.45 million (97 percent) are in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq. And these numbers don’t take into account those that have been unable to return due to conflict — Jordan claims to have 1.27 million Syrians within its borders, for example, while the UNHCR has only registered 635,000.

As part of the registration process, UNHCR takes iris scans of each and every person seeking asylum. This system is vastly better than the identification papers of the past at keeping track of a shifting and at risk population. It also has fringe benefits. In partnership with the Cario Amman Bank, UNHCR has established a biometric ATM network in Jordan that allows refugees to withdraw cash using just their eyes as identification.

This system ensures those that have been assessed as deserving of aid — and only those that have been assessed — can get money without hassle. And for Jordan, it’s hoped the cash will flow into its economy, serving as additional compensation for its humanitarian efforts.

The Big Picture is a recurring feature highlighting beautiful images that tell big stories. We explore topics as large as our planet, or as small as a single life, as affected by or seen through the lens of technology.

Parliamentary committee finds UK snooping bill too vague

The Joint Committee on the Draft Investigatory Powers Bill is preparing to lay out its concerns and recommendations for the new surveillance legislation, following its final evidence session with primary author, Home Secretary Theresa May. The committee’s report will fuel further debate on several controversial powers, but the government’s Science and Technology Committee has also been keeping a close eye on proceedings. Today, that committee published its own findings on the IP Bill, urging the Home Office to provide greater clarity on some of the proposals, and to further consider the cost and feasibility of data-gathering systems.

The committee focused on “critical technological aspects” of the draft legislation, volunteering no judgement on whether the extended powers are necessary or proportionate. As these things go, it’s not a bad read, pulling in commentary from many experts and stakeholders. Noting plenty of confusion around the scope of surveillance powers and exactly what kind of data will be retained under the bill, the Science and Technology Committee (like many others) believes the Home Office could do more to clear up those concerns.

Ambiguous definitions

What exactly is an Internet Connection Record (ICR)? It’s a question that’s arisen time and time again. The government’s definition is an ICR is the who, when, where and how of a connection or communication, but not the content. Who, when, where and how someone accessed Facebook, for example, but not the pages they visited, posts they made or messages they sent; or the record of a Skype call, but not the content of that conversation.

Image credit: Shutterstock

Nobody seems particularly satisfied with that definition, however. ISPs and mobile network operators, the companies that will be on the hook for storing and processing ICRs, have expressed only a basic understanding. And without explicit instructions on what kind of data they need to gather, they’ve been hesitant to confirm the technical feasibility and cost of setting up these systems.

In fact, there are several ambiguous definitions throughout the bill. Some of these are intentional, as Theresa May has explained, so that the legislation will remain relevant even as technology and communications evolve. The Science and Technology Committee, however, recommends these shouldn’t be left open to interpretation, and that any loose wording be explained thoroughly “as a matter of urgency.”

What companies will be served notices to retain ICRs is still largely unknown. The major ISPs and mobile carriers are a given, but smaller providers and siloed networks (like university networks) will be assessed on case-by-case basis. The Science and Technology Committee believes the government should be “more explicit about the obligations it will and will not be placing on the industry.”

Protecting encryption, or not

The IP Bill states there will be “no addition requirements in relation to encryption over and above the existing obligations in RIPA,” which outlines existing surveillance powers. Currently, communications providers are required to take “reasonable steps” to make encrypted data available. The bill, however, also introduces a “technical capability notice” that would order “the removal of electronic protection.” Technology and internet heavyweights fear the government are quietly attacking encryption, and will push them to make their services less secure.

Image credit: Shutterstock

The Science and Technology Committee agrees decrypted data may be useful in some special circumstances, but that the government must spell out obligations on encrypted service providers in the bill’s Codes of Practice, since they aren’t clear currently. The committee also suggests the Codes of Practice clearly state that end-to-end encryption will be protected, which has been more or less confirmed by government, though it’s nowhere in writing.

“Equipment interference,” which is a fancy term for state-sponsored hacking, is another contentious point. Though the government has been interfering for some time, the IP Bill marks the first admission. As such, the committee is of the opinion the government needs to be transparent with the public about these powers, and to be prepared to change how they’re deployed based on public reaction.

Who’s paying for all this?

Unclear language that’s important to the interpretation of the bill is one thing, but implementing the data-gathering systems proposed by it is an entirely different issue. Communications service providers are still wrestling with what exactly will be expected of them, and therefore the technical feasibility and cost of complying with the bill. Explicit Codes of Practice to complement the legislation should provide come clarification, but the Science and Technology Committee also believes the government should at least revisit the idea of including in the bill a commitment to fund the costs of data collection in its entirety.

The Home Office has budgeted £174 million to support companies, but evidence from the UK’s ISPs and mobile operators suggests this is a serious underestimate. Should companies be required to use some of their own resources, there are concerns investment in their own services will suffer, and worst-case scenario, customers could see their bills increase to offset this shortfall. A commitment from the government should alleviate these and similar uncertainties on how the bill will impact smaller providers.

Image credit: Alamy

The committee urges the government to work with the industry to improve its estimates to have a better understanding of the economic impact of the powers, which should allow for a more detailed assessment of their proportionality, too. Oversight is also key to this discussion. “Internet businesses and their users require assurances that investigatory powers will be imposed proportionately, and that the judgement as to what is proportionate should at all times be open to reasonable challenge.”

The Science and Technology Committee’s report hasn’t brought any new arguments or controversial points to light. It does, however, offer some formal recommendations based on concerns that have cropped up time and time again during the IP Bill debate. The Joint Committee on the Draft Investigatory Powers Bill has a much tougher job, as it’s expected to look at the legislation from every angle, including whether there’s enough justification for such a broad intrusion of civil liberties. It’s due to present its recommendations next week, and will no doubt be using today’s report as a crib sheet on the many technological concerns associated with the bill.

Source: The Science and Technology Committee

Cycling officials find motor hidden inside competition bike

“Doped bikes” that use hidden motors to give riders a boost have long been suspected but never seen. However, officials accused 19-year-old Belgian star Femke Van den Driesshe (above) of “technological fraud” at the cyclocross World Championships on Saturday. “It was no secret that a motor was found. We believe that it was indeed technological doping,” said Brian Cookson, the president of the Union Cycliste International (UCI). He added that “we’ve been [testing] new methods of detection but you’ll understand why I don’t want to go into details.”

According to reports, those methods involve scanning for radio frequencies that match electric motors, but the UCI also started doing random bike checks a major events last year. Van den Dreissche reportedly came under suspicion after her bike developed mechanical problems, and a rumor quickly spread that there was something wrong with it. UCI officials confirmed the news on Sunday, with Cookson tweeting that “technological fraud is unacceptable. We want the minority who may consider cheating to know that, increasingly. There is no place to hide, and sooner or later they will pay for the damage they’re causing to our sport.”

Technological fraud is unacceptable. We want the minority who may consider cheating to know that, increasingly 1/2 pic.twitter.com/kxz3Phct7P

— Brian Cookson OBE (@BrianCooksonUCI) January 31, 2016

According to Belgian press, the bike had electrical cables in the seat post and a motor hidden in the bottom bracket, but no pictures of the offending system have been posted yet. Van den Driessche denied that she was a cheater, and told Belgian TV station Sporza that the bike belonged to a friend. “It wasn’t my bike, it was my friend’s and was identical to mine. This friend went around the course Saturday before dropping off the bike in the truck. A mechanic, thinking it was my bike, cleaned it and prepared it for my race.”

Van den Driessche could be punished by a six month suspension and a fine of up to 200,000 Swiss francs ($196,000) if found guilty. The cycling body promised a thorough investigation, but if the allegations are proven, van den Driessche will become the sport’s first mechanical doper.

Source: Cycling News